Class 6, Social studies
1. During Neolithic age, people transformed from hunters to farmers.
2. In Neolithic age, they settled down in one place and domesticated animals.
3. During Neolithic age, wheel was discovered.
4. Some important sites of Neolithic age in Indian subcontinent is Chirand, Hallur, Mehrgarh, Burzahom, Paiyampalli.
5. Early humans practised organic farming
6. Early humans cultivated Wheat, Oats, Barley and pulses.
7. Due to the population increase, people settled down in one place, cultivated crops, built strong permanent houses lived as community.
8. Early humans domesticated Sheep, Goats, Cows.
9. Animals helped them in agriculture work and provided them with meat and milk
10. Animal bones were discovered by archaeologist in Burzahom (now Kashmir), Halur ( now Andhra Pradesh)
11. Early human houses were round, oval, rectangular pit houses.
12. Archaeologist discovered Hearths both inside and outside house. Hearths are floor of a fireplace
13. One example of Pit house found in Buzrahom and pots to store surplus grains.
14. Neolithic people lived together in groups. This led to formation of tribes.
15. Advanced tools were made by early humans using rocks like Amphibolites, Jadelite, Basalt.
16. Axes, Mortars, pestles were used by early humans.
17. They started clearing forest and built house.
18. Initially grains were stored in weaved basket made from grass.
19. Then they made pots using clay and baked them in sun later in Kilns ( Furnace/ Oven for burning, Baking, Drying) used to bake pots and design were made of them.
20. The most important achievement of Neolithic people is invention of Wheel.
21. Early vehicle is called as Wagon. A four wheel and an axle.
22. Invention of wheels helps them to
a) Move from one place to another place quickly.
b) Transport heavy objects from one place to another.
c) Potter`s wheel used to make pottery, draw water from wells.
23. Additional craft among neolithic people is weaving of cloth, textiles, straw mats. They used flax and wool material.
24. Baskets were used to store goods, woven straw mats for resting, fine nets for fishing.
25. Burial site found during Neolithic period suggested that they believed life after death.
26. The people were buried along with stone tools, pottery, jewellery, animal offering.
27. Some burial site are found in Mehrgarh ( present Pakistan)
28. People used stone, seashells, animal bones, clay to make jewellery.
29. During later/ final Neolithic age is silver/gold were used.
30. Next stage of Neolithic age is Chalcolithic period ( 4000 BCE — 2000 BCE)
31. Chalcolithic age is also called as Copper age.
32. Copper is first metal to be used.
33. Copper was mixed with tin to make bronze.
34. In India, Chalcolithic settlements were extended from Chota Nagpur plateau to Gangetic plains.
Few Important Facts:
· Prehistoric monument belonging to Neolithic age is Stone henge in Wiltshire ( England) built around 3000–2000 BCE
· It is one of the UNESCO world Heritage Site.
· Stonehenge was believed to be an ancient burial ground
· Artefact belonging to Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Iron age was found in Chirand ( Saran District in Bihar)
· 25,000 postherds ( Broken pieces of Ceramic) was excavated
· Pendants, Earings, Bangles, Disc, Comb were also discovered.