- Invention of Wheel made a great change in the mode of transport
- Animals were used to pull Vehicles
- Measurement is comparison of the unknown quantity with some fixed quantity of the same kind.
- Magnitude and unit are the two parts of the measurement
- Quantity adopted as a standard of measurement for any physical quantity is called as Unit
- Total length travelled from one point to another is called as Distance
- Displacement is the shortest distance travelled from one point to another
- Guessing the dimension of object without actual measuring tools is known as Estimation
Some of the Non Standard units of Measurements are
- Foot is the distance covered from heel to big toe
- Fathom is the distance between tips of both outstretched arms
- Stride is the distance covered in one step when legs are fully stretched
- Cubit is the distance between the tip of the middle finger and elbow of the person
- Handspan is the width of human hand measured from tip of the thumb to tip of little finger.
- Yard is the distance between the nose to the tip of stretched arm
Nowadays SI system is used, this system followed from 1960.
- Full form of SI is System of International units
Standard units of measurement are those that have fixed quantity
- Length is measuring anything from end to end
- Measurements of length include Width, Depth, Thickness, Distance, Height, Breath
- Length is measuring using Ruler and measuring tape.
- SI unit of length is Metre (m)
- Length of curved line is measured using thread method and divider.
- Length of curved line is measured using thread method and divider.
- Derived quantities are measured by multiplying dividing the fundamental quantities.
Other system of measurement
MKS – Metre Kilogram Second
CGS – Centimetre Gram Second
FPS – Foot Pound Second
Standard units: Conversions
Length – Metre (m) 1cm = 10mm
Mass – Kilogram (Kg) 1 m = 100 cm
Temperature – Kelvin (K) 1 Km = 1000 m
Electric current – Ampere (A)
Time Conversions
| 1 minute – 60 s 1 hour – 60 min 1 day – 24 hour 1 year – 365 days 1 decade – 10 years 1 century – 10 decades 1 Millennium – 10 Centuries |
1 mile =1.67 Km/ 5280 feet
1 yard = 0.9 m/ 3 Feet
1 Feet = 30.48 cm
1 inch = 2.54 cm
1 Kg = 2.21 lb
1 lb = 0.45 Kg
Lb means Pound
Milli (m) – 10-3
Centi (c) – 10-2
Deci (d) – 10-1
Deca (da) – 10
Hecto (h) – 102
Kilo (k) – 103
Mega (m) – 104
MOTION
An object that does not change its position with time it is said to be at Rest/ Stationary
An object that changes its position with time it is said to be in Motion
There are various types of Motion
When an object moves through same distance with same interval of time it is called as Translatory Motion
Ex: Movement of Car, Child sliding on a slide
There are two types of Translatory motion
1. Linear/ Rectilinear motion
2. Circular/ Curvilinear motion
Movement of an object in a straight line in a fixed direction is called as Linear/ Rectilinear Motion
Ex: Bullet fired from Gun, Falling of stone from height
When an object moves in a circular path is called as Circular/ Curvilinear motion
Ex: Movement of satellite around the Earth, Clock, Merry Go round, Movement of ceiling fan
When a motion repeats itself after regular interval of time it is called as Periodic Motion
Ex: Rotation of Earth, Revolution of Earth around Sun
Motion in which part/ parts of body remain fixed, while the rest of the body moves to and from in a definite path is Vibratory motion Ex: Playing a Guitar/ Piano
When an object moves to and fro from its mean position it is called as Oscillatory motion Ex: Swing of Pendulum
The motion that does not occur in regular interval of time it is called as Repetitive/ Non periodic motion
Ex: Heartbeat, Striking Nail with Hammer
When an Object exhibit two or more motion it is known as Multiple motion
Ex: Earth rotation around the Sun exhibit both the translatory motion and Rotational motion
Movement of the Ceiling fan exhibit both the Circular motion and rotational motion
When there is no definite path in the regularity of the motion it is said to be Random motion
Ex: Flying Insect
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