Chapter 10
Questions covered are:
Define Habitat?
Define Environment?
What is Ecology?
Write the difference between Biotic and Abiotic components of Environment?
How the biotic components are divided?
What are Producers?
Write a short note on Consumers?
What are the types of consumers?
Write the difference between the types of Consumers?
Write about Scavengers?
What are Decomposers?
What does Inter dependence?
Define Adaptations?
What are Terrestrial habitats?
How plants adapt to live in Desert habitat?
How animals live in Desert habitat?
Write short note on Mountain Habitat?
How do animals adapted to live in Polar regions?
Write short note on Forest and Grassland habitats and the plant and animal adaptations?
What is Camouflage?
Define Aquatic habitat?
Write an example for Marine habitat adaptations?
Write about Pond and Lake habitat?
Write the difference between Free floating plants and Submerged plants?
Write the adaptation in Frog?
Define Acclimatisation?
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Define Habitat?
- The place where Organism live is called as habitat.
- Habitat provides food, water, shelter for the organism living in it.
- Habitat of Cactus and Camels is Desert.
Define Environment?
Everything surrounding and affecting the life of an Organism is called as Environment.
What is Ecology?
The study of relationship between living things and their environment is called as Ecology.
Write the difference between Biotic and Abiotic components of Environment?
| Biotic components | Abiotic components |
| Biotic means living organism. | Abiotic means Non living things. |
| Plants, animals and human beings, microorganisms in a habitat constitute the Biotic component of environment. | Non living things such as soil, water, sunlight, temperature, wind constitute the abiotic component of environment. |
How the biotic components are divided?
The biotic components are divided into 4 main group.
They are Producers, Consumers, Scavengers, Decomposers.
What are Producers?
- Organism that prepares its own food is called as Producers.
- Ex: Green plants and green algae.
- Green plants prepare their own food by the process called Photosynthesis.
- Photosynthesis takes place in the green parts of the plant, since it contains a pigment called Chlorophyll.
- Plants need Carbon dioxide from air, Water from soil and energy from sunlight to prepare its own food.
Write a short note on Consumers?
Organism that do not prepare its own food but depend directly or indirectly on Producers are called as Consumers.
What are the types of consumers?
- There are 3 types of consumers
- Primary consumers or Herbivores
- Secondary consumers or Carnivores.
- Tertiary consumers or Top Carnivores.
Write the difference between the types of Consumers?
| Primary consumers | Secondary consumers | Tertiary consumers |
| It is also called as Herbivores. | It is also called as Carnivores. | It is also called as Top Carnivores |
| Animals that eat only green plants and green products are called as Herbivores. | Animals that eat the flesh of other animals are called as Carnivores. | Animals that eat only the carnivores are called as Tertiary consumers. |
| Ex: Cow, Horses Goat, Rabbits etc. | Ex: Snake, Frog, Lizard etc. | Ex: Lion, Tiger, Leopard, etc. |
Write about Scavengers?
- Organism that feed on the dead remains of animals are called as Scavengers.
- Ex: Kite and Vultures.
What are Decomposers?
Microorganism such as bacteria, fungi decompose the dead remains of plants and animals to obtain their food. These microorganisms are called as Decomposers.
What does Inter dependence?
- No Organism can live independently.
- In any habitat both biotic and abiotic components interact with each other for their existence.
- This is called as Interdependence.
Only because of Interdependence, there is balance in nature.
Define Adaptations?
- Favourable features present or organisms develop to survive in a particular habitat is called as adaptations.
- Organism adopt by changing its body shape, organs, colour, size, behaviour and location.
- Ex: Lotus adapts to live inside a water. It is a aquatic plant.
What is Terrestrial habitats?
- Terra in Latin means ground.
- The organisms that live on land are called as Terrestrial Organism and their habitat is called as Terrestrial habitat.
How plants adapt to live in Desert habitat?
- Deserts are very hot during daytime and very cold at night.
- Annual rainfall is less than 25 cm.
Cactus
- Cactus root are very long and they go deep into the soil to observe water.
- Leaves are reduced to spine and help in the loss of water through Transpiration.
- Stem is thick and fleshy to store water. These are called as Succulent plants.
- Stem makes food through Photosynthesis.
- Stem has waxy coating prevent the loss of water.
How animals live in Desert habitat?
- Desert snakes and rats live in deep burrows that is cool and moist during day.
- They come out during night and become active.
- Camels have long eyelashes that protects their eyes from the sand.
- Fat stored in a hump act test food reserve.
- Long legs help in keeping the body away from the heat of the sand.
- Camel drinks large quantity of water and can stay without water for the long period of time.
- Camel excretes very little water in urine and its dunk is dry. It does not sweat.
Write short note on Mountain Habitat?
- This habitat is cold and windy. They are cooler even in summers.
- As we go high up mountains, temperature decreases.
Plants:
- Trees like pine grow on sloping sides of the mountains.
- Leaves are needle like structures and they have thick waxy coating on surface to reduce loss of water by transpiration.
- Trees are cone shaped and have sloping branches. This helps the snow and rain to slide off easily.
Animals:
Mountain animals like goat, yak, snow leopard, have thick fur to protect it from cold.
How do animals adapted to live in Polar regions?
- Polar bears have padded feet to help it to walk on the snow.
- They have white fur to match with surroundings.
- Penguins have waterproof feathers and thick layer of fat under the skin to regulate its body temperature.
- Penguins stay in groups to keep them warm.
Write short note on Forest and Grassland habitats and the plant and animal adaptations?
- Grasslands are dry and windy.
- Grasses have short roots and have flexible stalks that do not bend or break in windy conditions.
Animal adaptations: Lion and Tigers
They have eyes in front that helps to see the prey from distance.
- They have sharp teeth and long claws to catch and tear the flesh of the prey.
- Light brown skin helps them to hide in the dry grasslands to hunt their prey
Deer adaptations:
- They have eyes on the side of the head that gives them wide range of vision.
- They have long ears to hear, movement of predators.
- They run very fast to save themselves from predators.
What is Camouflage?
- Animals have colour of the skin that blend with their surroundings.
- This is called as camouflage.
- This helps them to hide them from predators.
- Tiger hide behind the tall grasses during hunting.
- Chameleon change its skin colour according to the surroundings.
Define Aquatic habitat?
- Animals that live in lakes, ponds, rivers, oceans are called as aquatic organisms and their habitat is called as aquatic habitat.
- Aqua means water.
Write an example for Marine habitat adaptations?
- Ocean is the huge body of salt water.
- Fish have various adaptations to live in water.
- Fish body is streamlined.
- This helps them to overcome the resistance due to water, enable fish to swim fast.
- Skin is covered with waterproof scales to prevent it from decaying in water.
- Fishes have gills that helps in breathing.
- Fishes swim with fins.
- Dolphins and whales do not have gills that breathe through their lungs.
- Nostrils are located in the upper part of the head.
- This helps them to breath when they come near their surface of water.
Write about Pond and Lake habitat?
- Aquatic plants grow in Ponds, lakes and river.
- Due to availability of water, roots of the aquatic plants are either absent or poorly developed.
Write the difference between Free floating plants and Submerged plants?
| Free floating plants | Submerged plants |
| These plants float freely on water. | These plants completely submerged in water. |
| Leaves are large and flat and are covered with waxy coating that makes them waterproof. | Leaves are thin and ribbon like. These type of leaves allow the water current to pass through them without damaging leaves. |
| Ex: Hyacinth, Lotus, Water Lily. | Ex: Hydrilla, Vallisneria |
Write the adaptation in Frog?
- Frogs live in Ponds
- Frog have webbed feet that help them to swim in water.
- Long and strong back legs help in hopping on land.
- Moist skin helps in breathing through skin.
Define Acclimatisation?
Acclimatisation refers to changes in organism that takes place over short period of time. ***************************************************************************************************************
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