class 6 Gupta period

class 6, History

1. Explain in short about the structure of the Gupta Period?

· After ruling hundreds of years, Great Kushan empire of North, collapsed and broke into small kingdoms.

· One dynasty who became rival in Kushan in size and strength was Gupta.

· During the Kushan period, Magadha (modern Bihar) lost its important.

· Later in 3rd century, under leadership of Chandragupta I and his son Samudra Gupta, it grew rapidly.

· They ruled Northern India from Indus to Brahmaputra and in South till East coast of Peninsula.

· Gupta Period marked the Golden age of India for the next two centuries.

2. Write about Chandragupta I?

· He is the first important king of Gupta Dynasty is Chandragupta I.

· His Period was 320–335 CE.

· He was married to Lichchavi princess, Kumaradevi

· He received Magadha Dynasty as his wedding gift.

· He issued gold coins having the images of him and his wife.

· He reigned for 15 years.

3. Write short note about Samudra Gupta?

· After Chandragupta I, Samudra Gupta came into region in 335 CE.

· He was called as “Indian Napolean” since he conquered many areas of Indian subcontinent.

· Samudra Gupta history was mainly known from Inscription on the Ashokan Pillar located in Sarnath.

· He was not only a warrior but also wrote poetry and played veena.

4. Write short note about Chandragupta II?

· Chandragupta II was regarded as one of the prosperous rulers of Gupta Empire.

· He ruled from 380–412 CE.

· Fa-Hien, described Chandragupta II as a wise and benevolent ruler.

· Kalidasa, greatest poet and dramatist was one of the nine gems in Chandragupta II court.

· Kalidasa plays and poetry primarily based on puranas.

5. Write in detail about the Gupta’s Administration?

· Gupta rulers called themselves as Maharajadhiraja and Vikram Aditya which means they ruled over large empire.

· Though kingship was hereditary, it was not always given to eldest son. Kings were assisted by a council of ministers called as Mantri Parishad in administration.

· These Mantri were highly paid, and they lived lavishly.

6. How was the Empire divided during Gupta Period?

· Empire was divided into provinces known as Bhuktis.

· Each Bhukti was ruled by Prince/ Kumara Matyas.

· Bhuktis were divided into districts called as Vishayas.

· Each Vishayas were placed under Vishayapati. Maha Dandanayaka were the judicial officers.

· The districts were made up of number of villages.

· Each village had a council of elders, they were headed by village headman called Gramikas.

· For towns there will be Nagarpatis.

7. How was the payments made during Gupta Period ?

· Officials were paid by large grants instead of salaries.

· The records were inscribed on copper plates.

· Army officials paid in cash.

· Military headers were provided with large grants, they supply the troops to king whenever required.

· They collected revenue from land and used this to maintain army and equipment required.

8. List the famous post in the Gupta Period?

· Chief Merchant — Nagrara Sheti

· Leader of Caravans –

· Chief Artisan — Prathama Kulika

· Scribe — Kayastha

· Chief Judicial officer — Maha Dandanayaka ( Harisena, famous poet was chief judicial officer)

9. Write a short note about Samantas ?

· Samantas were powerful people, independent of any kind of royal control.

· Samantas are local elites they have special privileges like large grants.

· They maintained their own armies and provided soldiers to king when needed.

10. Explain in brief about the life of the people?

· People lived a peaceful and disciplined life

· Brahmins were given high position.

· In Magadha almost all people were rich and generous.

· Rest houses were built on highways for travellers.

· Each town had numerous market-places, banks, temples, charitable institutions, hospitals.

· Hinduism was the main religion. Buddhism was also encouraged.

11. Write about the caste system followed during Gupta Period?

· Low caste people had to live outside the village.

· The caste system was more rigid, and there was more subcaste.

· The untouchables were ill-treated, position of women was no improvement, formal education was denied to them and were treated inferior to them. All this was mentioned by Fa-Hein writing’s

12. Write about the education system during the Guptas?

· World renowned Nalanda university was found during Gupta Period

· Nalanda was famous university for Hinayana Buddhism in the Magadha kingdom (Now Bihar).

· Scholars like Zhuang Zang, Fa-Hein, Hieun Tsang came to study Buddhism here.

· Nalanda flourished under Gupta king in 5th and 6th centuries.

· Many foreign scholars from Tibet, China, Central Asia visited the university.

13. What is the main occupation and trade of people during Gupta Period?

· Main occupation of the people is Agriculture.

· Agriculturist paid 1/6th of tax to the king.

· There were also craftsmen working in designing of ivory work, polishing stone. They formed shrenis/guilds.

· There was active trade in pepper, sandalwood, precious stone.

14. Write about the religions followed during Gupta Period?

· Hinduism is the popular religion during Gupta period.

· Hindu god and goddess like Shiva, Shakti, Vishnu was worshipped.

· Physiological debates between Hinduism, Buddhism, religion on the presence of God, cycle of rebirths, attaining salvation etc.

· Buddhism and Jainism received a lot of support from Gupta rulers.

15. Who are the Later Guptas?

· Kumara Gupta succeeded by Chandragupta II, and Kumara Gupta was succeeded by Skanda Gupta.

· Skanda Gupta face the threat from Huns of Central Asia

· Through Huns were driven out of India, Gupta empire started its decline and was reduced into Magadha.

16. Write about the king Harshavardhan in short?

· King of small piece of of land (Thaneswar) is Harshavardhan.

· He came into throne in 606 CE, he was a great conqueror and administrator.

· He united kingdoms of Thaneswar, Kannauj and brought Bihar, Odisha, West Bengal under his command.

· He married his daughter to the King of Maukari Dynasty (King of Gujarat) and moved his capital from Thaneswar to Kannauj.

· Harshavardhan rise of power, his conquest, administration was known through Harsha Charita written by Banabhatta (his court poet)

· Chinese Pilgrim Hieun Tsang also described Harsha as modest, benevolent, energetic and active ruler.

· Upon his death North India fell into complete chaos and confusion.

17. Write a short note on religion followed by Harshavardhan ?

· Harshavardhan was a follower of Shiva, later he became a great follower of Buddhism and supported Nalanda University.

· He composed three works in Sanskrit as Nagandha, Ratnavali, Priyadarshini.

· Hieun Tsang studied in Nalanda University, He wrote a book called Si Yu Ki.

18. Who were the important kingdoms of South India ?

· Chalukyas of Vatapi/Badami

· Pallavas of Kanchipuram

19. Write in detail about Chalukyas dynasty?

· In 6th century, Chalukyas set their kingdom on the Western side of the Deccan Plateau.

· Pulakeshin, I established Chalukyas Dynasty in 543 CE, by taking control of Vatapi in Karnataka.

· Harshavardhan was defeated by Pulakeshin II.

· We came to know about Pulakeshin II through Aihole Inscription written by of his court poet Ravikriti.

· Chalukyas rule marked an important time in the history of India, a South Indian kingdom to control entire region between Kaveri and Narmada Rivers.

· Chalukyas had an efficient administrative machinery flourishing oversea trade, and made significant contribution to art and architecture

· Pulekashin II was successful defeated in Mahaendravarman I, a pallava ruler of Kanchipuram.

· In 642 CE, in battle of Vatapi, Pulakeshin II was defeated by Mahendravarman son Narsimavarman I

· Battle resulted in establishment of Pallavas in Vatapi

20. Write about the Pallavas?

· Pallavas were local tribe in Southern Andhra Pradesh and Northern Tamil Nadu.

· They had extensive trade with teak, sandalwood, textile trade to countries like Cambodia, Java, Sumatra.

· Kaveripattinam was a busy port city of Pallavas.

· The state of Pallavas divided into kottams.

· Each kottam was placed under a officials appointed by the king

· Two local assemblies of Pallavas are Ur, Nagaram.

· Ur- Village assembly

· Nagaram- Organisation of merchants.

· Pallavas built tanks, wells for irrigation and they taxed people for agriculture products

21. Write about the religion followed during Pallavas?

· Narsimavarman built the famous Ratha temple at Mahabalipuram, they were rock cut temples.

· Brahmins look after temple affairs.

· During this period, rise of Shaivism, Vaishnavism and decline of Buddhism and Jainism.

· They were patrons of Sanskrit language and encouraged Tamil too.

· Bhakti movement gained momentum under Alwars- Followers of Lord Vishnu — Vaishnavism . Nayanars- Followers of Lord Shiva — Shaivism.

22. Write about the art and Literature during Pallavas?

· Pallavas capital was Kanchi, centre of learning.

· Dharmapala who became the head of Nalanda University belonged to Kanchi.

· Great Sanskrit scholars like Dandin, Bharavi lived during rule of Pallavas.

· Tamil literature, Music, Dance flourished during Pallava Period.

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class 6 Gupta period

Raji Senthil

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