Our body requires Nutrients, Water, roughage for proper growth
Some of the Nutrients are Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Vitamins and Minerals
Write a short note on Carbohydrates?
· The Nutrient that gives us quick energy is Carbohydrates.
· Starch and sugars are carbohydrates sugars
· Sugars gives us immediate energy, Starch energy slowly.
· Ex: for Carbohydrates Rice, wheat, potatoes, bread etc.
· Excess carbohydrates are stored as fats
Wite a short note on Fats?
· Fats are energy reservoir of our body
· Fats are stored under Skin (adipose tissue) around heart and kidneys.
· Fats keeps our body warm
· An adult requires 70-80 g of fats per day.
· Animal fats – Butter, ghee, meat, egg fish cheese
· Plant fats – All oils, nuts, cashews, almonds
· when we eat too much of fat, it gets deposited on lining of blood vessels
· Deposition of fat causes artery to be narrower
· Too much of fat increases risk of heart problems.
Why Proteins are important?
· Our body require proteins to replace old and damaged cells with new cells.
· Plant proteins are pulses & soya beans
· Animal proteins are meat, fish, egg, milk
· An adult requires 50-60 grams of Protein per day.
What are the nutrients that our body requires in minor quantities?
· Vitamins and Minerals are nutrients required by our body in small quantities.
· They are essential for the proper functioning of the body.
· There are around 20 known Vitamins
· Lack of vitamins leads to certain diseases called Deficiency disease.
· Vitamins are two types. Fat-soluble, Water-soluble vitamin.
· Fat-soluble Vitamins A, D, E, and K
· Water Soluble Vitamins Vitamin B and Vitamin C.
· Ex: for some minerals are Iron, Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium
Write a short note on Water required by our body?
· Water constitutes 70% of our body weight.
· Water constitutes liquid part of blood called plasma.
· Water does not provide energy
· Water act as solvent in which all chemical reaction inside the body takes place.
· we require 6-8 glasses of water to stay healthy.
· Water is lost from our body through sweat, cry, urine
Importance of water:
· Water helps body to absorb nutrients from food.
· Water helps to transport nutrients throughout our body
· Water collects waste from different parts of the body in form of urine & water.
Note:
When water is lost excessively, it is called as Dehydration leads to severe pain and muscle cramps.
Fruits and vegetables contain large quantities of water
Write a short note on Roughage?
· Fruits and vegetables contain certain carbohydrates which cannot be digested by the body it is called roughage.
· Roughage adds bulk to our good.
· Roughage passes through entire digestive extract and prevent constipation and ensure proper bowel movement
· High fibre diet reduces risk of heart disease and bowel cancer
List a few tests to identify the type of Nutrient in the given food sample?
· Adding Iodine to a food item giving a blue-black colour indicates the presence of starch
· Food item + Iodine solution = Blue black colour (starch)
· Glucose + Benedict’s Solution = orange colour indicates that sugar is present
· Cooking oil ( 4- 5 drops) + Ethanol (2 ml) = Oil turns cloudy indicates the presence of fat
· Protein rich food + Few drops of copper sulphate +Few drops Sodium hydroxide = Purple indicates the presence of protein
List some of the Nutrients in common food Items:
· Cereals (Wheat, Rice) = 10% Carbohydrates, 10% Proteins, small amount Vitamins, Minerals
· Sugar – 100%. Carbohydrates.
· Pulses – 60% Carbohydrates and 20% proteins.
· Fish, meat, eggs – good source of Proteins and Fats.
· Milk & Milk products – Rich in calcium = good for
· bones & teeth.
· Carrot, rich in vitamin A and good for eyes.
· Spinach, Cabbage – rich in vitamins, roughage & Minerals
· Ghee (clarified butter), oil – 100% fats.
Write about the three major categories of the food?
· Energy giving foods – food rich in carbohydrate & fats provide energy to the body
· Body building foods – food rich in proteins helps our body to grow
· Protective foods – food rich in vitamins & minerals. They protect against diseases.
Define a Balanced diet?
· Balanced diet contains the proper amounts of each nutrient, in the required quantity and required amount for each and every individual.
· Balanced diet depends on age, sex and type of work (nature work).
How are Nutrients lost?
· Cooking of food makes it soft, tasty and easy to digest.
· Fruits and Vegetables should not be washed after cutting
· Washing rice and pulses for enormous time leads to the loss of vitamins and minerals
· Cooking in too much of water result in the loss of nutrients in water.
· Vitamin C is destroyed during cooking, so it should be takes as Raw
Deficiency diseases
What are the major reason for Deficiency diseases?
a) Poverty
b) Lack of balanced diet
c) Eating same kind of food
d) Wrong way of cooking.
When we do not eat right amount of nutrients from various food, it leads to deficiency diseases.
What is the deficiency of Carbohydrates leads to?
· Most of our energy is from carbohydrates
· A 12 old year kid require 320g of carbohydrate from cereals.
· Carbohydrate deficiency leads to
a) weakness b) lack of stamina c) Mental Strain
· Too much of Carbohydrate are stored as fat.
· Overeating of carbohydrate rich food leads to obesity
· Obesity leads mainly to heart diseases and inactiveness.
Protein Deficiency diseases:
· Kwashiorkor is disease due to Protein deficiency
· Kwashiorkor leads to
· swollen stomach
· Thin legs
· patches on skin
· physical & mental growth slows down.
Deficiency of carbohydrates, proteins, fats lead Marasmus
Marasmus leads to
a) Loose folds of skin all over the body
b) Weight loss.
What are the diseases caused due to the deficiency of Vitamins and Minerals?
· Deficiency of Vitamins and Minerals affect the eyes, skin, hair, bones, general growth
· Lack of vitamin C leads to Scurvy
· Scurvy causes swelling, bleeding of gums, and wounds
What causes Rickets in children?
Lack Of Vitamin D, mineral Calcium, Phosphorus leads to Rickets
Symptoms of Rickets are
· Bowlegs
· pigeons type chest
· bending of spine
· weak (brittle) bones
· Loss of tooth enamel.
What does Iron Deficiency leads to?
· Iron deficiency leads to Anaemia
· Iron deficiency leads to deficiency Of Haemoglobin found in RBC
· Haemoglobin is required to carry oxygen to all cells of the body.
Symptoms of Anaemia
a) loss of appetite
b) Tiredness.
c) Pale body
Lack of vitamin B12 result in reduced formation of RBC
What does Iodine deficiency causes?
· Deficiency of Mineral Iodine causes Goitre
· Thyroid gland is present in the neck, produces thyroxine which is required for proper growth.
· Goitre affects the thyroxine production
· Consumption of Iodized salt decreases the risk of Goitre.
List some diseases due to the loss of certain Vitamins?
· Vitamin A deficiency leads to Night Blindness.
· It leads to inability to see in dim light and irregular growth of teeth
· Vitamin B1, B2 deficiency leads to Beri Beri
· It affects nervous system, skin disease, retarded growth.
· Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency leads to Pellagra
· It affects skin, digestive, nervous system
· Vitamin K deficiency leads to inability to clot blood (coagulation)
List some diseases caused due to the lack of certain minerals?
· Deficiency of calcium leads to weak bones, tooth decay.
· Deficiency of phosphorus leads to weakness, weak teeth & bones
· Deficiency of potassium leads to muscle weakness
· Person living in hilly areas are mainly affected by Goitre
· Deficiency of sodium leads to muscle cramps, tiredness
· Deficiency of fluorine leads to dental caries
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